Saturday, March 5, 2022

A Book Review on HERBAL DRUGS AND PHYTOPHARMACEUTICALS A PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT GUIDE (Formulation, Quality Control, IPR & Regulations) By Dr. CV Achhra & Dr. Harshal Ashok Pawar



 About Author:

Dr. Chandirlal Varyaldas Achhra, M.Pharm , PhD in Pharmacy; LL.M, PhD in Law; M.A, PhD in Lit.

He is currently working as Director (administration) at ‘Hyderabad (Sind) National Collegiate Board, Mumbai. He was former Principal of Principal K. M. Kundnani Pharmacy Polytechnic, Ulhasnagar and also former Director of Smt. CHM College Campus, Ulhasnagar. He has 39 years of teaching and 34 years of administrative experience. He has published many research and review articles in various national / international journals of repute. He has also presented various research papers in national / international conference, seminars, symposia and workshops.

Harshal Ashok Pawar, M. Pharm., PhD (Pharmacy), MD (AM)

He is currently working as an Assistant Professor with Dr. L. H. Hiranandani College of Pharmacy, Ulhasnagar, (Affiliated to University of Mumbai, India). He has 15 years of teaching and industry research experience. He also worked as a Head of Department of Quality Assurance for six years. He worked with various pharmaceutical industries like Medley, Charak and Alkem Research Centre, Mumbai. He has published more than 60 research and review articles in various national / international journals of repute. He has also presented various research papers in national / international conference, seminars, symposia and workshops. He has two Indian and two international patents to his credit. He has received research grants from University of Mumbai. He is on editorial board and reviewer of various National / International journals. He has guided 25 M. Pharmacy Research scholars in the subject of Quality Assurance. He is also recognized PhD guide of University of Mumbai. He has authored seven books in the field of Pharmaceutical sciences. He is a life member of Association of Pharmaceutical Teachers of India (APTI).

About Book:

This book attempts to over view the concepts of formulation technology of phytopharmaceuticals beginning from herbal raw materials, their processing technology based on conventional and modern methods as per WHO guidelines and their standardization using modern techniques. Further, it highlights an excipients used in herbal formulations with concepts of pre-formulation studies to be carried out before designing phytopharmaceuticals / herbal formulations. This book further enlightens about design, formulation development, evaluation, quality assurance and quality control aspects of Ayurvedic formulations, conventional dosage forms and new drug delivery systems to ensure quality, safety, efficacy and effectiveness. In this book, comprehensive review of concepts of pre-clinical toxicological studies and clinical trials is also included in order to establish clinical safety and efficacy for phytopharmaceuticals / herbal formulations with objective of undertaking bioavailability and bio-equivalence studies. The attempt is also made to enlighten reader about regulatory and patenting aspects of herbal drugs and laws regulating herbal drug industry in India. The book briefly highlights the various legal aspects of protection of Traditional Knowledge (TK) of India under Indian intellectual property laws and further need of strengthening the existing statutes. The procedural aspects of patent filing are also discussed in this book. Generally herbal products are considered safe being of natural origin but herbal drug interactions and herbal drugs- food and herbal drugs with prescribed drugs interactions are also well known and are discussed in detail in this book. Drug safety monitoring of phytopharmaceuticals are also discussed with WHO research guidelines. Lastly clinical applications of herbal drugs although not comprehensive are highlighted. This book will be helpful to students, teachers, researchers, and scientists who are involved in the development and evaluation of the herbal drug formulations and Phytopharmaceuticals.

BOOK CONTENTS

Glossary of terms

Preface

Acknowledgments

 1. Introduction to phytopharmaceuticals

1.1        Introduction and background

1.2        Definitions of terms as per WHO guideines

1.3        Different systems of medicines

1.4        Drug discovery and development of drugs from botanicals

1.5        Advantages and limitations of herbal medicines and phytopharmaceuticals.

1.6        Challenges in the development of phytopharmaceuticals.

1.7        Global Trends, Economics and Regulatory Aspects.

1.8        Regulatory requirements for herbals as drugs.

1.9        Regulatory restrictions.

1.10    Quality Assurance in Phytopharmaceuticals.

1.11    Summary of steps to be followed for design of phytopharmaceutical formulations from plant source.

1.12    Future of herbal medicines.

1.13    Conclusion.

 2. Herbal Raw Materials.

     2.1   Introduction

     2.1.1 Definitions.

     2.2 Source of herbs

     2.3 Selection, Identification and Authentication of herbal materials

     2.4 Processing of herbal raw materials

     2.5 Purpose of processing

    2.6 Processing of herbs into herbal materials

    2.7 Processing of herbal materials into herbal preparations

    2.8 Processing of herbal materials or herbal preparations into herbal dosage forms

    2.9 Important Primary Processing steps.

    2.10 Important Secondary Processing steps

    2.11 Important special processes adopted for herbal preparations from processed herbal raw

            Materials as per WHO guidelines

     2.12 Conclusion

3. Standardization of herbal raw materials

    3.1 Introduction and Background

    3.2 Concept and scope of standardization

    3.3 Methods of standardization and quality control

    3.4 Factors affecting the quality control of herbal drugs

    3.5 Analytical methods adopted in standardization of herbal drugs

    3.6 Validation for standardization of herbal products

    3.7 Labelling of herbal products

    3.8 Conclusion

4. Excipients used in herbal preparations

    4.1 Introduction and background

    4.2 Categorization of excipients

    4.3 Excipients as per source

    4.4 Commonly used excipients in herbal formulations

    4.5 Herbal excipients used in Novel Drug Delivery Systems

    4.6 Safety, Quality and Regulatory issues of excipients

    4.7 Conclusion

5. Pre-formulation Studies in formulation development

    5.1 Introduction and objectives

    5.2 Factors to be considered prior to commencement of pre-formulation studies.

    5.3 Information required for pre-formulation evaluation studies

    5.4 Pre-formulation drug characterization in a structured program.

    5.5 Basic steps for pre-formulation studies

    5.6 Pre-formulation studies for phytopharmaceuticals

    5.7 Conclusion

6. Herbal formulation development

    6.1 Introduction and background

    6.2 Types of herbal / Ayurvedic formulations

     6.3 Conventional drug delivery systems

     6.4 New drug delivery systems (NDDS) are summarized as under

     6.5 Design, development and evaluation of phytopharmaceuticals and their formulations

     6.6 WHO guidelines for evaluating the safety and efficiency of herbal medicines

     6.7 Quality Assurance in herbal formulations

     6.8 Important steps of the process of formulation development / pharmaceutical dosage form

            Design (Conventional dosage forms)

     6.9 Conclusion

7. Evaluation / Quality Control of herbal formulations

     7.1 Introduction and background

      7.2 Evaluation and quality control tests of dosage forms / formulations

       7.3 Conclusion

8. Concepts of Pre-Clinical studies and Clinical trials

    8.1 Introduction

    8.2 Types of Pre-clinical studies / research

    8.3 Toxicological study of new drug on animals and clinical trials in humans

    8.4 Conduct of Pre-clinical toxicological tests for new drugs or drug compounds

    8.5 Draft OECD guidelines for the testing of chemicals

    8.6 Definitions

     8.7 OECD guidelines for testing of chemicals OECD /OCDE 423

     8.8 Procedure to be followed for each of the starting doses

     8.9 Clinical Trials in Humans

     8.10 Conclusion

9. Herbal drugs and Regulatory Issues

     9.1 Introduction

          9.1.1 Herbal drug industry in India

      9.2 Commercial aspects of herbal drugs

            9.2.1 Global trends, Economics

             9.2.2 Plant based industries and institutions in India

        9.3 Regulatory issues for herbals in India

             9.3.1 Ayurvedic, Siddha and Unani drugs (ASU drugs)

              9.3.2 Regulations for manufacture and sale of ASU drugs in India

              9.3.3 Features of proposed guidelines under schedule Z

         9.4 Objections filed by Ayurvedic Drug Manufacturers Association (ADMA)

          9.5 Provisions in Indian Drugs and Cosmetics Act related to ASU drugs.

          9.6 Regulatory requirements for setting herbal drug industry.

           9.7 Traditional Knowledge Digital Library (TKDL)

           9.8 Steps to be taken towards standardization of ASU drugs

           9.9 Commercial aspects of establishing herbal industry

           9.10 Organizational set up for herbal industry (State level)

           9.11 Components of Ayurvedic medicines

           9.12 Concepts of purification and detoxification (Shodhana) of herbal drugs to ensure safety

           9.13 Standardization of Ayurvedic drugs / herbal drugs

           9.14 Regulatory issues in developed and developing countries

           9.15 Conclusion

10. Patenting and Intellectual Property Rights of herbal products / phytopharmaceuticals

       10.1 Introduction:

               “Intellectual Property, Intellectual Property Rights and Patents”

                 10.1.1 The purpose of the patent system

          10.2 Patent Laws

                  10.2.1 Patent infringement

                   10.2.2 Patent enforcement

           10.3 Patenting of life forms

                   10.3.1 Sui generis system of protection of intellectual property rights.

                    10.3.2 Farmers Rights and Breeder’s Rights

                     10.3.3 Biodiversity and Biopiracy

             10.4 Patenting aspects of Traditional Knowledge (TK) and natural products

                      10.4.1 What is Traditional Knowledge?

                       10.4.2 Features of Traditional Knowledge

                        10.4.3 Patenting aspects

                         10.4.4 Protection of Traditional Knowledge (TK)

                 10.5 Protection of rights of Traditional Knowledge holders

                 10.6 Indian Patent Laws and bills for the protection of TK / Herbal / Natural products

                 10.7 Protection of TK / Herbal / Natural products under intellectual property laws

                 10.8 TK as trade secret

                  10.9 Protection of TK under the protection of plant varieties and Farmer’s Rights Act,

                             2001.

                    10.10 Protection of TK / Herbals / Natural products under non-intellectual property

                               Laws.

                              10.10.1 under Indian Contract Act, 1872

                              10.10.2 under Biological Diversity Act

                              10.10.3 under the Scheduled Tribes and other Traditional Forest Dwellers

                                               (Recognition of Forest Rights Act), 2006.

                               10.10.4 Under Traditional Knowledge Digital Library (TKDL).

                               10.10.5 Protection of TK under Indian Draft Bills.

                                             10.10.5.1 Draft Traditional Knowledge Management Bill, 2009.

                                              10.10.5.2 Draft Traditioal Knowledge (Protection and

                                                              Management) Bill, 2010.

                          10.11 International laws related to TK /Herbal/ Natural products

                                       10.11.1 The international instruments dealing with TK /Herbal / Natural

                                                      Products

                                       10.11.2 International organizations dealing with TK / Herbal / Natural

                                                     Products.

                           10.12 Provisions in US and EU Patent Laws responsible for misappropriation

                                        Of traditional knowledge about herbal drugs.

                            10.13 Patenting of herbal products / phytopharmaceuticals in India / filing of

                                        Patent applications.

                                       10.13.1 Procedure for Indian Patent filing / patent registration process

                                       10.13.2 Patent Registration.

                             10.14 Rights and obligations of patentee

                            10.15 Controller of patents

                            10.16 Overview of patents of medicinal plants with case studies on Turmeric

                                       and Neem.

                            10.17 Conclusion

11. Herbal Drug Interactions

      11.1 Introduction

      11.2 Drug-Drug interactions

              11.2.1 Classification of drug interactions

              11.2.2 Conditions potentiating the drug interactions

        11.3 Food-Drug interactions

        11.4 Herbal drugs-Prescribed drug interactions

        11.5 Safety monitoring of phytopharmaceuticals / Herbal drugs / Natural medicines

        11.6 WHO research guidelines for evaluating the safety and efficacy of herbal medicines.

        11.7 Drug Safety

        11.8 Applications of herbal drugs

         11.9 Conclusion

12. Herbal Cosmetics and Cosmeceuticals

      12.1 Introduction

      12.2 Definitions

      12.3 History

      12.4 Advantages of herbal cosmetics over the synthetic

    12.5 Disadvantages

    12.6 Herbs used in cosmetics / cosmeceuticals

    12.7 Herbal hair preparations

    12.8 Cosmeceuticals

    12.9 Finished product forms

   12.10 Cosmetic ingredients

   12.11 Evaluation of the finished products

   12.12 Storage of herbal raw materials / extracts

  12.13 Regulatory Status

 12.14 Conclusion                                     

 References

Publishers 

Gyan Prakashan,

Address: 

7/202 L.I.G. Awas Vikas Hanspuram, 

Naubasta, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208021

Contact No. +91-8004516501, +91-8299329709

Email: gyanprakashankanpur@gmail.com  

1 comment:

  1. It's a simple intro not really a review!
    Prof S S Poddar PhD.

    ReplyDelete